When it comes to eye health, the periphery of the retina is often overlooked because it is not visible in standard eye exams. However, this region can develop degenerative
processes that, unidentified and untreated, increase the risk of retinal tears and detachment, which can lead to vision loss.
Interestingly, peripheral retinal dystrophies do not discriminate: they can affect people with myopia as well as those with hyperopia, and those with normal vision. These conditions can
manifest at any age and affect men and women equally.
Causes and predisposing factors
The exact origin of peripheral retinal dystrophies remains partly unclear, but predisposing factors are varied. These include genetic predisposition, nearsightedness, myopia, inflammatory eye diseases,
ocular trauma or trauma to the craniocerebral. Systemic diseases such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, poisoning and infections can also contribute to the development of this condition.
Subtle signs and symptoms
Although often asymptomatic, peripheral retinal dystrophy can be betrayed by symptoms such as sudden onset of visual ‘flashes’, flashes of lightning or ‘flying flies’. These subtle manifestations may signal the need for closer examination.
Diagnosis and treatment
For an accurate diagnosis, it is essential to examine the fundus with maximal pupil dilation, which can reveal peripheral retinal changes. Modern technologies, including special digital devices, can provide detailed images of the retinal periphery. If retinal dystrophies or retinal breaks are detected, early treatment is crucial. Procedures such as laser coagulation can prevent serious complications such as retinal detachment. This treatment, performed in our clinic, is effective, painless and requires only one outpatient episode.
Prevention and monitoring
Preventing serious complications depends on early diagnosis, especially in high-risk patients.
Regular check-ups, performed once or twice a year, are essential for monitoring retinal health
and for early intervention if needed.
In conclusion, peripheral retinal dystrophies may be discrete in their manifestation, but serious in their impact
on vision. Therefore, awareness and proactive risk management can make the difference in
preventing vision loss.
